Urbanization, land surface temperatures and pollution cause to make major change in urban environment which such implications are evolution geomorphic systems. Weathering is the most important PROCESS in geomorphic systems that altere in metropolis. Tehran is the largest and the most important city in Iran, due to enlargement, high population and high level of airpollution density, the geomorphic system has been changed. The meteorological data (1990-2009) of stations in Tehran and Pollution data (2009-2011) including SO2 and NO2 of 15 stations and high gain thermal infrared image of Landsat ETM+ in 11 April 2001 were used. Physical weathering was studied in thermal expansion and Freeze-thaw classes. Zonation of the weathering of the primary elements was performed by kriging based on semivariogram in order to Tehran was evaluated in a wider zone. Interpolation pollutants, calculate land surface temperature and definition and rusty texture were investgated to detect the Tehran geomorphic system. The results indicated to dominate physical PROCESSes in Tehran. But the involvement of pollutants, land surface temperature and comparison of field observations in the rusty and good texture shows a system of chemical weathering in the south and center of Tehran, which is also seen scattered in the margins. Thus change of geomorphic system exists in central and southern Tehran which is spreading around by increasing urban density and pollution.

Background and Purpose: It has been shown that taking into account the polyvalence of action, tansy (Tanacetum vulgare L. ) is a promising raw material for obtaining substances based on it as active pharmaceutical ingredients for the development of new potential herbal medicinal products. Materials and Methods: Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) has been considered as one of the promising methods to optimize the technology of extracting biologically active substances (BAS) from T.  , vulgare flowers. Results: The advantages of the method, the mechanism of ultrasound action on plant cells, and the main factors affecting this PROCESS are indicated. Conclusion: The optimal technological parameters that allow the extraction of flavonoids calculated with reference to luteolin and hydroxycinnamic acids calculated with reference to chlorogenic acid in the maximum amount, namely, the raw material and extractant ratio, time, and the extraction frequency, have been determined. The high efficiency of UAE has been proven.

How to profoundly change the beliefs of the polytheists during the age of revelation from the denial of the Prophet (pbuh) to the certainty of his Message and the acceptance of his full guardianship is a question worthy of attention. The order of verses about prophecy based on the order of revelation is the reason to lead a transformative PROCESS and a special Quranic method in institutionalizing the belief of prophecy in the lives of Arabs. In the first stage, the Holy Quran in the first Makkī (Arabic: المکّیّ, suras revealed in Mecca) chapters has prepared the community from the motivational side to accept the truth of the Prophet’s (pbuh) prophecy and briefly stating the key issues surrounding it. The Holy Book of Quran at the time of the emergence of oppositions and doubts (the second stage) destroyed the arguments of the polytheists and explained the prophecy and proved its authenticity from a cognitive perspective in the second stage by presenting clear arguments. and the Holy Book of Quran in the third stage after Madanī (Arabic: المدنیّ, suras revealed in Medina) period has undertaken measures in order to fulfill the goals of the Massage by explaining the true position of the Prophet (pbuh) to deepen and operationalize the Prophetic belief through explaining practical duties for the Prophet (pbuh) and behavior based on the acceptance of Walaya (Arabic: ولایة, meaning “guardianship” or “governance”).

Rice cultivar Tarom Dilamani becauded a fragrance, flavor, cooking and marketing is a qualitative rice in Iran. This cultivar have high susceptibility against blast disease (Magnaporthe grisea). One of the important trouble producers of the Dilamani's rice cultivar is chemical control against blast disease and cause poisonous pollution of natural environment. The best manner in order to control this disease and avoid its damage is preparation and cultivation resistant cultivar. In this research we used classical breeding method to develo(PI)ng resistance cultivar. Female parent was qualitative Tarom Dilamani cultivar and male parent was near isogenic lines C101LAC and C101A51 that carry dominant resistant genes to blast (PI)-1 and (PI)-2, respectivly. Parents' seeds prepared, cultivated and propagated. When rice plant entered flowering stage, sensitive cultivar was confluenced with resistant lines' pollen. Hybrid seeds would cultivated next year. Plants cause selected according to morphological characters and virulences tests. Back cross was accomplished until four years until Bc4 generation. Plant inoculation was accomplished with dominant race of fungus cause blast at Agricultural Research Station of Sari Agricultural sciences and Natural Research University. Results of this research was transferred two resistance genes in sensitive Tarom Dilamani cultivar. The recovered cultivar showed resistance to races of fungus cause blast on region. Infection type of sensitivity (4 and 5) that was prior of accomplished of this research have converted to infection type of resistance (1 and 2). Morphology and quality of plant changed slightly, but was satisfactory prevention of damage due blast and increase grain yield.